Team:BrownTwo/Protocols/compcells

Making Ultracompetent Cells

 * Transformation can be a major roadblock in assembling DNA constructs. Ligations can be hard to transform, especially with large inserts.  DNA blotted on paper from the registry tends to be even harder.  We have had a great experience with the following protocol from Inoue, getting near lawns of transformants from ligations:


 * Based on the OpenWetWare page: http://openwetware.org/wiki/Preparing_chemically_competent_cells_(Inoue)


 * Makes about 25mL, or enough for nearly 500 50 uL transformations

Materials

 * Plate of cells streaked for single colonies. We used DH5alpha.
 * SOB
 * Ice
 * TB buffer
 * DMSO (99.9%)
 * Liquid nitrogen

Glassware & equipment

 * (3)1 liter Erlenmeyer flasks (no detergent residue- we rinsed well with pure water, then autoclaved 2/3 full of pure water, emptying just before use
 * (1) 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask
 * 250 mL centrifuge bottles, autoclaved
 * Refrigerated centrifuge

Day 1

 * 1) Pour LB plates (no antibiotic)
 * 2)  In the afternoon, streak a plate of DH5alpha from frozen stock.  (We usually just use a sterile 200 ul pipette tip, scrape some frozen cells off the top, melt them in a pool near an edge of the plate, return the still-frozen stock to the -80C freezer, and streak back and forth across the surface.)
 * 3) Incubate plate inverted at 37C overnight (14-20 hours)
 * 4) Make 1L of SOB medium in a bottle without detergent residue
 * 5) Rinse out the clean flasks very well to remove detergent residue- (3) 1L, (1) 250 mL.  Fill each 2/3 with pure water and autoclave. Keep the water in overnight.

Day 2

 * 1) At around 11 AM, pour the water out of the 250 mL flask and add 25mL SOB
 * 2) Innoculate with one colony from the LB plate
 * 3) Grow this starter culture at 37C on a 250 rpm shaker for 6-8 hours
 * 4) At around 6 PM, pour the water out of your (3) 1L flasks and add 250mL of SOB to each.  Label them 10, 4 and 2.
 * 5) Innoculate these cultures with 10, 4, and 2 mL of the starter culture, respectively.
 * 6) Incubate at room temperature (the lower the better, down to around 20C) at 100 rpm
 * 7) Put 140 .5mL microcentrifuge tubes in a rack, and place them in a sealed bag in the -20 or -40 freezer overnight.
 * 8) Label two pipet tip boxes or similar with the strain, your initials, the date, and either 150 uL or 100 uL.  Store at -40C overnight

Day 3

 * 1) Thaw 100 mL of Inoue transformation buffer.  Keep on ice.
 * 2) Prechill the centrifuge to 4 degrees
 * 3) Take samples of each of the (3) overnight cultures, and return to the shaker.  Take the OD600 of each on a spectrometer.
 * 4) If one of the cultures is at .55 or just over, proceed.  We had a good batch from a .575 OD  Otherwise, keep taking ODs every 45 minutes until one of the cultures reaches .55
 * 5) Place the .55 OD600 culture on ice for 10 minutes.  Keep the culture(s) that are below .55 on the shaker in case you mess up.
 * 6) Pour the chilled .55 culture into a sterile 250 mL centrifuge bottle
 * 7) Centrifuge at 2500g for 10 minutes at 4C.  Balance with another bottle with 250mL water.  The pellet may have some black streaks in it- this is normal.
 * 8) Drain the medium and aspirate any remaining medium out of the bottle if you have a vacuum trap.  Otherwise just keep the bottle upside down on paper towels for 2 minutes.
 * 9) Add 80mL ice-cold Inoue transformation bufferm, and swirl to resuspend.
 * 10) Spin down as above, remove buffer as above.
 * 11) Add 20 ml of cold ice-cold Inoue buffer, swirl to resuspend.
 * 12) Add 1.5mL of high-purity DMSO (99.9%- not quite electrophoresis grade-worked good), swirl to mix.
 * 13) Incubate on ice for 10 minutes.  In the meantime, get a few inches of liquid nitrogen in an ice bucket
 * 14) Put your racks of microcentrifuge tubes on ice in an autoclave tray
 * 15) With a genomic (wide-mouth) tip, allocate 150uL of cells into 2/3 of the tubes, and 100uL into the other third.  Or allocate 50 uL into each, but it will take a while.  You're always going to be doing 2 or 3 50 uL transformations at a time anyway, with + and/or - controls  Get someone to help you freeze as you allocate.
 * 16) To freeze, submerge the tip of the tubes in the liquid nitrogen for a few seconds, then let go so the tubes are floating in the bath.  Wear cryo gloves and be careful- this stuff can freeze your skin off mighty quick.
 * 17) scoop the tubes out of the bath with a pipette tip box lid, and pour them into the cold labeled tip boxes from the freezer.
 * 18) Immediately place the boxes of competent cells at -80C

Original protocol from Inoue et al.


 * 1) Inoue90 pmid=2265755
 * 2) Hengen96 pmid=8851666