Team:Rice University/STRATEGY

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[[Image:STS.png|right|190px|thumb|[http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1Z1F Peanut STS] monomer bound to resveratrol.]]
[[Image:STS.png|right|190px|thumb|[http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1Z1F Peanut STS] monomer bound to resveratrol.]]
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*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001084228.1 4-coumarate CoA ligase] :: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?tool=portal&db=nuccore&term=&query_key=18&dopt=gb&dispmax=20&page=1&qty=1&WebEnv=1BAyWdNufvUWxpNM-oKD-9JoRgEPTXzU_kF02A2hfcePWB3nxyPvHO3gqlDJksRdZq9GmTDHNDmKEFuabzP4VKB%40263F5D1B8F754EA0_0062SID&WebEnvRq=1 Stilbene Synthase] Fusion Protein (4CL:STS, [http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K122005 BBa_K122005]) - This enzyme fusion is comprised of ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), which catalyzes the conversion of ''p''-coumaric acid to 4-coumaroyl-CoA, and ''Vitis vinifera'' Stilbene Synthase, which catalyzes the condensation of resveratrol from 4-coumaroyl-CoA and three malonyl-CoA molecules.  This 4CL:STS fusion protein was selected for our project because it has been shown to more efficiently produce resveratrol than coexpression of the proteins separately (possibly due to substrate channeling).
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*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001084228.1 4-coumarate CoA ligase] :: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?tool=portal&db=nuccore&term=&query_key=18&dopt=gb&dispmax=20&page=1&qty=1&WebEnv=1BAyWdNufvUWxpNM-oKD-9JoRgEPTXzU_kF02A2hfcePWB3nxyPvHO3gqlDJksRdZq9GmTDHNDmKEFuabzP4VKB%40263F5D1B8F754EA0_0062SID&WebEnvRq=1 Stilbene Synthase] Fusion Protein (4CL:STS, [http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K122005 BBa_K122005]) - This enzyme fusion is comprised of ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), which catalyzes the conversion of ''p''-coumaric acid to 4-coumaroyl-CoA, and ''Vitis vinifera'' Stilbene Synthase, which catalyzes the condensation of resveratrol from 4-coumaroyl-CoA and three malonyl-CoA molecules.  This 4CL:STS fusion protein was selected for our project because it has been shown to more efficiently produce resveratrol than coexpression of the proteins separately (possibly due to substrate channeling), see Zhang Y, et al. (2006) Using unnatural protein fusions to engineer resveratrol biosynthesis in yeast and Mammalian cells. ''J Am Chem Soc.'' '''128'''(40):13030-1.
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[[Image:4CL_STS catalysis.png|left|550px]]
[[Image:4CL_STS catalysis.png|left|550px]]
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===Cellular Chassis ===
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===Selection of Brewing Strain ===
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[[Image: St_Arnold.png|left|200px]]
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[[Image: St_Arnold.png|left|200px|thumb|[http://www.saintarnold.com/ http://www.saintarnold.com/]]]
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*Our cellular brewing chassis can be best described by its use in St. Arnold's hefeweizen beer.  This is top-fermenting yeast which causes a great deal of gas induced convection during primary brewing.  This will help to keep our yeast suspended and well-mixed.  Additionally, hefeweizen beers are commonly served unfiltered, allowing for the consumption of whole yeast cells.  We postulate this will dramatically increase the amount of resveratrol available for consumption.  Hefeweizen beers are said to have "light citrus notes over a full bodied breadiness".   
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[[Image: SAB_Hefe.png|right|175px]]
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=== Fermentation Apparatus ===
 

Latest revision as of 05:09, 30 October 2008


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OUR TEAM ::: SUMMARY ::: BACKGROUND ::: STRATEGY ::: CONSTRUCTS ::: RESULTS ::: ONGOING WORK

Pathway Design for Resveratrol Biosynthesis

TAL monomer.
  • Tyrosine Ammonia-Lyase (TAL, BBa_K122010) - TAL catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to p-coumaric acid and ammonia. TAL also exhibits Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) activity, converting L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid and ammonia. Our work has focused on using Rhodotorula glutinis TAL because its ratio of TAL to PAL activity is high compared to other TAL homologs. In addition, previous studies have shown that this enzyme can be expressed as a functional protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. While the p-coumaric acid produced by TAL will serve as a substrate for resveratrol biosynthesis, the trans-cinnamic acid is expected to add a "floral" and "honey-like" bouquet to the beer.
TAL catalysis.png


















Peanut STS monomer bound to resveratrol.
  • 4-coumarate CoA ligase :: Stilbene Synthase Fusion Protein (4CL:STS, BBa_K122005) - This enzyme fusion is comprised of Arabidopsis thaliana 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), which catalyzes the conversion of p-coumaric acid to 4-coumaroyl-CoA, and Vitis vinifera Stilbene Synthase, which catalyzes the condensation of resveratrol from 4-coumaroyl-CoA and three malonyl-CoA molecules. This 4CL:STS fusion protein was selected for our project because it has been shown to more efficiently produce resveratrol than coexpression of the proteins separately (possibly due to substrate channeling), see Zhang Y, et al. (2006) Using unnatural protein fusions to engineer resveratrol biosynthesis in yeast and Mammalian cells. J Am Chem Soc. 128(40):13030-1.

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4CL STS catalysis.png














Circuit Design for Recombination in Yeast

  • Our design goal was to construct a circuit that would propagate through several generations without a selection pressure and be highly expressed during all stages of fermentation. To address these goals, we constructed three expression cassettes that, when concatenated, would integrate genomically into a highly transcribed locus, have an inducible selectable marker, and highly express the resveratrol pathway under anaerobic conditions.


  • Cassette 1 - Anaerobically induced expression of 4CL:STS
    1. pPGK1 - Serves the dual purpose of 5' homologous recombination region and anaerobically induced promoter.
    2. 4CL:STS - Converts p-coumaric acid and 3 malonyl-CoA molecules to resveratrol.
    3. tCYC1 - Bi-directional transcriptional stop.
  • Cassette 2 - Inducible expression of Bleocin resistance.
    1. pGAL1 TetO ZeoR - Provides galactose inducible, TetR repressible, Zeocin/Bleocin resistance. This part will allow us to select for recombinants.
    2. tADH1 - Bi-directional transcriptional stop. Strategically placed downstream of ZeoR and upstream of pADH1 to prevent erroneous recombination at those regions.
  • Cassette 3 - Constitutive expression of TAL
    1. pADH1 - Constitutive promoter. Strategically placed to prevent erroneous recombination with tADH1.
    2. TAL - Converts L-tyrosine to p-coumaric acid and L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid.
    3. tPGK1 - Dual purpose of 3' homologous recombination region and bi-directional transcriptional terminator.





















Selection of Brewing Strain

  • Our cellular brewing chassis can be best described by its use in St. Arnold's hefeweizen beer. This is top-fermenting yeast which causes a great deal of gas induced convection during primary brewing. This will help to keep our yeast suspended and well-mixed. Additionally, hefeweizen beers are commonly served unfiltered, allowing for the consumption of whole yeast cells. We postulate this will dramatically increase the amount of resveratrol available for consumption. Hefeweizen beers are said to have "light citrus notes over a full bodied breadiness".
SAB Hefe.png















OUR TEAM  ::: SUMMARY ::: INTRODUCTION ::: STRATEGY ::: RESULTS ::: ONGOING WORK