Team:Caltech/Protocols/Folate assay

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Folate Microbiological Assay Protocol

Purpose

To quantify and measure levels of folate production in the cell lysate and supernatant of 'E.coli' transformed with high copy folate biosynthesis genes folB, folKE, folBKE.

The assay uses growth of the folate-dependent strain L. rhamnosus as an indicator of folate concentrations in the sample. Growth is measured by taking the OD at 546nm.

Important Notes

• Almost every ingredient in this assay is light sensitive- take extreme caution to limit exposure of buffers, folic acid mixtures, and sample tubes to light. I usually wrapped the buffers, assay media, and standard curve folic acid dilutions in aluminum foil. I also started covering the entire rack of samples with foil during incubation, but decided it would be ridiculous to covered each sample tube with foil.

• Previously, we had been using this protocol with the other folate-dependent strain Entercoccus hirae ATCC 8043, and were able to generate a linear standard curve from 0.1-1ng. However, this strain did not grow in our samples, and so we switched to L. rhamnosus.

• This is why we used Lactobacilli Broth AOAC instead of the recommended Lactobacilli MRS broth.

Materials

• Folic Acid Assay Medium (BD Biosciences)
• Lactobacilli Broth AOAC
• Folic Acid (for standard curve)
• 0.1M sodium acetate buffer (pH4.8) -1% ascorbic acid
  • Ascorbic acid (Sigma, A4544-25G)
• 0.1M 2-mercaptoethanol-0.5% sodium ascorbate (We used the above 0.1M sodium acetate - 1% ascorbic acid buffer in place of the sodium ascorbate)(for deconjugation mix)
  • Sodium ascorbate
• Human plasma (Sigma, P9523-1ML)(for deconjugation mix)
• Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469)
• Saline (0.9% NaCl in H20)
• Tween 80

Folic Acid Assay Media

1. Add 100g of the dehydrated assay media to water. Light sensitive, cover with foil.

2. Autoclave the media using normal liquid autoclaving procedures.

3. Add 0.4 mL/L of filter sterilized Tween 80 to the media. This prevents any oleic acid present in the sample from causing a lag phase in the bacterial growth.

Deconjugation Mixture

1. Dilute 1 g of human plasma in 5ml of 0.1M 2-mercaptoethanol-0.5% sodium ascorbate

2. Clear from precipitates by centrifugation (10,000xg,2 min)

3. Add 2.5% (vol/vol) concentration of the clarified human plasma solution to the folate samples.

L. rhamnosus inoculum preparation

1. Inoculate 5 mL of Lactobacilli Broth AOAC with L.rhamnosus.

2. Incubate for 12-24 hours.

3. Centrifuge the culture, (13,000x g, 10 min, 20C), remove the supernatant.

4. Wash twice with saline (0.9% NaCl in H20)

5. Resuspend in folate assay media, adjust OD (546nm) to approximately 1.0.

Sample Preparation

1. Centrifuge the full-grown cell culture (5ml) after centrifugation (13,000x g, 10 min, 20 C).

2. Recover both cells and supernatant.

3. Dilute the supernatant 1:1 with 0.1M sodium acetate buffer (pH4.8) -1% ascorbic acid.

4. Wash with the 0.1M sodium acetate-1% ascorbic acid and resuspend in 5 mL of the same buffer.

5. Release folate from the cells by incubating the samples at 100C for 5 min (determined to be optimal for folate release + the heat inactivates the bacteria)

6. Add the deconjugation reaction mixture (2.5% vol/vol)

7. Incubate for 4h at 37C, you should see obvious cell debris at the bottom of the cell lysate tubes.

8. Filter sterilize 2.5 mL of each sample into a clean glass tube.

9. Add 2.5 mL of folate assay media to each tube, bringing the volume up to 5mL.

10. Add 50uL of prepared L.rhamnosus inoculum to each assay tube.

11. Incubate for 16-20 hours at 37C.

12. Read the absorbances of the samples at 546 nm on a plate reader (200uL per well). The protocol recommends refrigerating the samples at 4C for 15-30 minutes prior to reading, but I don't think it makes a difference, particularly if you intend on returning the samples to the incubator to take later timepoints.

Standard Curve

1. Prepare folic acid dilutions from 0- 10 ng/mL. Usually we used 0.001, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 10ng samples. With L. rhamnosus the linear range of the assay appears to be from 0.1 to 10 ng.

2. Add 2.5 mL of folic acid assay media to each tube, along with 2.5 mL folic acid + water to make up a total volume of 5mL.

3. Add 50uL of the prepared L. rhamnosus inoculum.

4. Incubate for 16-20 hours at 37C.

5. Read the absorbances of the samples at 546 nm on a plate reader (200uL per well). The protocol recommends refrigerating the samples at 4C for 15-30 minutes prior to reading, but I don't think it makes a difference, particularly if you intend on returning the samples to the incubator to take later timepoints.

A fantastically linear standard curve

Sources

• Sybesma et al. Increased Production of Folate by Metabolic Engineering of Lactococcus lactis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2003, p. 3069-3076, Vol.69, No. 6 [http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/full/69/6/3069?view=long&pmid=12788700]
• Horne et al. Lactobacillus casei Microbiological Assay of Folic Acid Derivatives in 96-Well Microtiter Plates CLIN. CHEM. 34/11, 2357-2359 (1988) [http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/reprint/34/11/2357?ijkey=b6982c31167f9092795d87ca8041bf27c5fb7a09]
• Folic Acid Assay Medium [http://www.bd.com/ds/technicalCenter/inserts/Folic_Acid_Assay_Medium.pdf]
• Folic Acid Assay Medium from the actual brand that I used, once i find out what that is