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| + | '''Q. How did you assemble a team, given that UCSF does not have undergraduates? |
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| + | A. As in 2007, the majority of our 2008 team comes from Abraham Lincoln High, a San Francisco public school. This year, we had two returning students (now undergraduates) from the 2007 team. In addition, we were able to recruit two international students, who were both upper level undergraduates. |
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| - | <o:Author>Wendell Lim</o:Author>
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| - | <o:LastAuthor>Andrew Horwitz</o:LastAuthor>
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| + | '''Q. Can high school students really do this work?''' |
| - | | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'><b>Q. <span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>How
| + | |
| - | is control of gene expression by chromatin different from control by transcription
| + | |
| - | factors (and what are its advantages)?<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Arial'><b><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
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| - | | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Arial'><b>A. <span
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| - | style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>Chromatin
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| - | is a completely different level of gene expression control.<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <ol style='margin-top:0in' start=1 type=1>
| + | |
| - | <ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc>
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| - | <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in'><span
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| - | style='font-family:Arial'>Dominant over transcription factors (resistant
| + | |
| - | to noise).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
| + | |
| - | <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in'><span
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| - | style='font-family:Arial'>Regional – silences domains, not
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| - | individual genes (reduces the engineering required for regulation of
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| - | complex multi-gene systems).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
| + | |
| - | <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in'><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'>Memory–Alteration in gene expression
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| - | lasts for multiple generations (epigenetic control).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
| + | |
| - | <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in'><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'>Intrinsically bistable, i.e. all-or-none
| + | |
| - | expression (increases parameter space over which circuits are predicted
| + | |
| - | to be stable).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
| + | |
| - | </ul>
| + | |
| - | </ol>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'><b>Q. <span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>What
| + | |
| - | applications could this type of synthetic chromatin control system be used for?<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.25in'><span style='font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'><b>A. <span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>To
| + | |
| - | stably and permanently switch cells between different states characterized by significant
| + | |
| - | differences in gene expression (i.e. cellular differentiation).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo8;
| + | |
| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
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| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| + | |
| - | </span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:Arial'>In bio-production–for
| + | |
| - | coordinated switching between a growth phase and a production phase.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo6;
| + | |
| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
| + | |
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| + | |
| - | </span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:Arial'>In bio-production–to
| + | |
| - | differentiate a clonal population of cells into a distribution of subtypes that
| + | |
| - | function cooperatively (“factory” with different specialized “workers”).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <ol style='margin-top:0in' start=1 type=1>
| + | |
| - | <ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc>
| + | |
| - | <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in'><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'>To reprogram cell fate in a highly specific
| + | |
| - | manner (e.g. stem cell engineering, correction of epigenetic abnormalities
| + | |
| - | in cancer cells).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
| + | |
| - | <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in'><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'>To create cells with highly digital
| + | |
| - | computational capabilities.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
| + | |
| - | <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in'><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'>To study chromatin spreading mechanism in a
| + | |
| - | quantitative and controlled way.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
| + | |
| - | </ul>
| + | |
| - | </ol>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in'><span style='font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in'><span style='font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <ol style='margin-top:0in' start=2 type=1>
| + | |
| - | <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in'><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'><b>Could this type of yeast synthetic chromatin
| + | |
| - | control system be utilized in other cell types, including mammalian cells?<o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
| + | |
| - | <ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc>
| + | |
| - | <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in'><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'>Core elements of this system are: initiator,
| + | |
| - | covalent mark, spreading (polymerization).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
| + | |
| - | <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in'><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'>In <i>S. cerevisiae</i></span><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'>, covalent mark is deacetylation–we use
| + | |
| - | an initiator (LexA-Sir2) that when localized deacetylates adjacent
| + | |
| - | histones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This leads to
| + | |
| - | further recruitment of Sir2, which propagates the mark outward.
| + | |
| - | Deacetylated chromatin adopts a “closed” conformation. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
| + | |
| - | <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in'><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'>For higher eukaryotes, from <i>S. pombe</i></span><span
| + | |
| - | style='font-family:Arial'> to human, the covalent mark is methylation,
| + | |
| - | initiator is a histone methyltransferase. But in principle, a similar
| + | |
| - | system should work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Same
| + | |
| - | logical design, with different catalytic functions propagating spread.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
| + | |
| - | </ul>
| + | |
| - | </ol>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Arial'><span style="mso-spacerun:
| + | |
| - | yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | </div>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | </body>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | </html>
| + | |
| | | | |
| | + | A. Yes. While most high school seniors would not be prepared to take part in iGEM, our students come from the unique Lincoln High Biotechnology class. This course, established by George Cachiannes, and co-taught by Julie Reis, is an intensive, two-year introduction to molecular biology and the business of biotech ([[Team:UCSF/Lincoln High School Curriculum|curriculum can be found here]]). George and Julie select top students from this course to join the team. |
| | | | |
| | + | The key to our high school students’ success in iGEM is that they arrive at UCSF with lab skills equivalent to those of many upper-level undergraduates. While they have not had the advanced coursework of many iGEM participants, they have exceptional creativity, and gravitate towards the engineering challenge that iGEM presents. To round out the experience, we meet weekly for seminars on project-related topics in biology, hold regular journal club discussions, and the students give a number of presentations in preparation for speaking at iGEM. |
| | | | |
| | | | |
A. As in 2007, the majority of our 2008 team comes from Abraham Lincoln High, a San Francisco public school. This year, we had two returning students (now undergraduates) from the 2007 team. In addition, we were able to recruit two international students, who were both upper level undergraduates.
A. Yes. While most high school seniors would not be prepared to take part in iGEM, our students come from the unique Lincoln High Biotechnology class. This course, established by George Cachiannes, and co-taught by Julie Reis, is an intensive, two-year introduction to molecular biology and the business of biotech (curriculum can be found here). George and Julie select top students from this course to join the team.
The key to our high school students’ success in iGEM is that they arrive at UCSF with lab skills equivalent to those of many upper-level undergraduates. While they have not had the advanced coursework of many iGEM participants, they have exceptional creativity, and gravitate towards the engineering challenge that iGEM presents. To round out the experience, we meet weekly for seminars on project-related topics in biology, hold regular journal club discussions, and the students give a number of presentations in preparation for speaking at iGEM.
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