Team:HKUSTers/Project

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Latest revision as of 04:59, 30 October 2008

The Design

"Making the dice"

We "tell" our cells to start making the "dice"--T7 polymease by applying a pulse of IPTG. IPTG can activate the araC/pBAD promoter which leads to transcription of T7 polymerase.

"Throwing the dice"

The core part of the randomizer consists of a pair of overlapping T7 promoters having similar binding affinities. The T7 polymerase binds randomly onto either the left or the right promoter to give an either 0 or 1 signal (reprenting by giving RFP or GFP).The binding is mutually exclusive, for if one binds to the promoter, it will block the binding of the other one as the two T7 promoters are overlapping to each other.

Reciprocal inhibiton

Then there are TetR and C1434 repressor repressor genes on both sides respectively. A repressor protein can be produced to interrupt transcription on the other side of the circuit. For example, say, the T7 polymerase binds onto the promoter on the left side. The TetR repressor on the left, which was coded by TetR repressor gene, will bind to TetR operator on the right and repress transcription of right side of the promoter. Thus, the intial random event (binding of polymease) can be captured and amplified in a postive feedback circuit.

Final outcome

Continous production of GFP if the polymease binds to the left of overlapped T7 promoter
Continous production of RFP if the polymease binds to the right of overlapped T7 promoter

The signal output is shown by green or red fluorescent protein (GFP/RFP) respectively.

Construction details

Testing

Testing of the components of circuit
Name of test	Purpose	Circuit involved
T7 polymease production test	Check the T7 polymease production circuit using IPTG as inducer and GFP as reporter
GFP test	Check if the intact T7 promoter and GFP is functional
Adjacent bidirectional promoters test	Evaluate if two promoters in opposite directions can function properly if they are placed adjacently
Truncated promoter test	Stimulate the condition in the overlapped version, where the first two non-essential base pairs of cl434 promoter are altered. We want to know if the cl434 can still function under such conditions.
Left/right induction test	To see whether the overlapping promoter can drive transcription of both directions

Strain and vector used

Strain: E. coli BBa_V1001 DH5a, with genotype

 F-φ80dlacZΔM15 Δ(lacZYA-argF)U169 deoR recA1 endA1 hsdR17(rk- mk+ phoA supE44 λ- thi-1 gyrA96 relA1)

Vector: pUC18+ λ-InCh2

Integration system

To ensure the randomness of the system we make, we should make sure there is only one copy of the circuit. Therefore, we are trying to incoporate the circuit into the chromosome.

We have chosen the λInCh system as the vehicle for intergration.

The success rate for recombination is about 1 in 1000 cells. Ampicillin is used to screen for the second recombination event and temperatute of 42 degree Celsius is used to screen for the third recombination event. (Such temperature deactivates the cl857 repressor and hence activates the harmful gene of λ-phage introduced in second recombination event, killing the host cells.)

The advantages of this approach include:

No risk of >1 copy of target gene in our machine, so as to give a sharp output instead of "blurred" output caused by multiple copies
Stable integration of a single copy of the construct DNA fragment
Most ordinary E. coli strains and a variety of pBR322-derived Amp-resistant plasmids can be used
λ-phage as the only specialized vector required

Source:

Boyd D., Weiss D.S., Chen J.C., Beckwith J., Towards single-copy gene expression systems making gene cloning physiologically relevant: Lambda InCh, a simple Escherichia coli plasmid- chromosome shuttle system (2000) Journal of Bacteriology, 182 (3), pp. 842-847.

The Initial Proposal

The first draft of project description

The HKUSTers’ project is composed of three components; (1) a Randomizer with one of the two possible random outputs at a single cell level, (2) a Memorizer that specifically records the last input and compares it with the current input to give out an XOR calculation, while the input before the last is erased, and (3) a Spatial Oscillator that facilitates autonomous back and forth migration of cells responding to two opposing chemical gradients.

Our project objective is to construct a biological slot machine by coupling the Randomizer with the Memorizer. When two consecutive random signals are produced by the Randomizer, a Memorizer can evaluate whether the two signals are the same so as to display a Jackpot output. Coupling of the Randomizer and a Spatial Oscillator can generate a dynamic pattern, such as dots and stripes, whereas modifications of the Spatial Oscillator can be introduced to produce an automatic and more complex oscillation pattern. With these three building blocks integrated in specific manner, different dynamic patterns can be generated to recreate stripes and pigmented profiles as found in many biological systems. The components also constitute the foundation units subjected to scale up assembly of more complex operations.

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      <td align="center"id="navactive" ><a class="mainLinks" href="https://2008.igem.org/Team:HKUSTers/Team" >The Team</a> </td>
      <td align="center" ><a class="mainLinks" href="https://2008.igem.org/Team:HKUSTers/Project" >The Project</a> </td>
-     <td align="center" ><a class="mainLinks" href="https://2008.igem.org/Team:HKUSTers/Parts" >Parts Submitted to the Registry</a> </td>
+     <td align="center" ><a class="mainLinks" href="https://2008.igem.org/Team:HKUSTers/Parts" >Parts</a> </td>
      <td align="center" ><a class="mainLinks" href="https://2008.igem.org/Team:HKUSTers/Modelling">Modelling</a> </td>
      <td align="center" ><a class="mainLinks" href="https://2008.igem.org/Team:HKUSTers/Notebook" >Notebook</a> </td>
@@ Line 136: / Line 130: @@
 <!--- The Mission, Experiments --->
+==The Design==
+==="Making the dice"===
+We "tell" our cells to start making the "dice"--T7 polymease by applying a pulse of IPTG. IPTG can activate the araC/pBAD promoter which leads to transcription of T7 polymerase.
+[[Image:IPTG.PNG]]
+[[image:T7_production.PNG| width=400 height=78]]
-[[Image:Randomness.JPG‎|900px|center|frameless]]
+==="Throwing the dice"===
+<html><embed src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2008/5/5b/Circuit%281%29.swf" width=800 height=600></html>
+----
-==Randomness is everywhere!==
+[[Image:T7P2.jpg|500px|left|frameless]]The ''core part'' of the randomizer consists of a pair of '''overlapping  T7 promoters''' having similar binding affinities. The T7 polymerase binds randomly onto either the left or the right promoter to give an either 0 or 1 signal (reprenting by giving RFP or GFP).The binding is ''mutually exclusive'', for if one binds to the promoter, it will block the binding of the other one as the two T7                                                             promoters are overlapping to each other.
+----
-[[Image:381184220_4cfce0c86a.jpg|200px|right|frameless]]
+===Reciprocal inhibiton===
-You may not have realized it, but ''randomness'' is very important even outside the casino. It plays an important role in mathematics, statistics, engineering, computer science and even medicine. Randomness is often needed in reducing bias.
+Then there are '''TetR and C1434 repressor repressor genes''' on both sides respectively. A repressor protein can be produced to interrupt transcription on the other side of the circuit.
-Here are some examples of natural occuring random events:
+For example, say, the T7 polymerase binds onto the promoter on the left side. The TetR repressor on the left, which was coded by TetR repressor gene, will bind to TetR operator on the right and repress transcription of right side of the promoter. Thus, the intial random event (binding of polymease) can be captured and amplified in a postive feedback circuit.
+<br>
+[[Image:HKUSTers mutual repression 2.PNG]]
->> Random motions of molecules that explains phenomena in thermodynamics and properties of gases
+===Final outcome===
+* Continous production of '''GFP''' if the polymease binds to the left of overlapped T7 promoter
->> Random genetic mutations that lead to diversity of life and makes natural selection possible
+* Continous production of '''RFP''' if the polymease binds to the right of overlapped T7 promoter
-==True Randomness?==
-There are various scientific or social areas in which randomness is required for fair analysis. When random numbers are needed, they are usually generated by computers. The computers may use information say, time, and long complicated mathematical processes to generate the number. So, is this ''true randomness''?? The result may actually just be determined by the time at which the generation is kicked start. It is still not absolutely random.
+[[Image:greenred.jpg|100px|left|frameless]]The signal output is shown by green or red fluorescent protein (GFP/RFP) respectively.
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
-Therefore, we have decided to design a . . .
-[[Image:name_ran3.jpg|800px|center|frameless]]
-This is going to be biologists' random generator. It is not just a biological slot machine, but a random number generator.
+==Construction details==
-The cell will have an either 0 or 1 state. By using more than 1 cell, a multi-digit binary number can be generated.
-The results cannot be controlled or altered by humans. ''It is true randomness!!!'' (yes, ideally)
+===Testing===
+{| class=""
+|+Testing of the components of circuit
+|-
+! Name of test !! Purpose !! Circuit involved
+|-
+| T7 polymease production test || Check the T7 polymease production circuit using IPTG as inducer and GFP as  reporter || [[Image:T7_production_test.PNG]] ||
+|-
+| GFP test || Check if the intact T7 promoter and GFP is functional|| [[Image:GFP_test.PNG]] ||
+|-
+| Adjacent bidirectional promoters test || Evaluate if two promoters in opposite directions can function properly if they are placed adjacently  || [[Image:Adj_promoters_test.png]] ||
+|-
+| Truncated promoter test || Stimulate the condition in the overlapped version, where the first two non-essential base pairs of cl434 promoter are altered. We want to know if the cl434 can still function under such conditions.|| [[Image:Truncated_promoter_test.PNG]] ||
+|-
+| Left/right induction test || To see whether the overlapping promoter can drive transcription of both directions || [[Image:Left_right_test.png‎]]  ||
+|}
-==Design==
+===Strain and vector used===
-[[Image:circuit.jpg]]
+* '''Strain''': ''E. coli'' BBa_V1001  DH5a, with genotype
+  F-φ80dlacZΔM15 Δ(lacZYA-argF)U169 deoR recA1 endA1 hsdR17(rk- mk+ phoA supE44 λ- thi-1 gyrA96 relA1)
+* '''Vector''': pUC18+ λ-''InCh''2
-----
+===Integration system===
+To ensure the randomness of the system we make, we should make sure there is only one copy of the circuit. Therefore, we are trying to incoporate the circuit into the chromosome.
+We have chosen the '''λ''InCh''''' system as the vehicle for intergration.
+[[Image:Lambda phage inCh.png]]
+The success rate for recombination is about 1 in 1000 cells. Ampicillin is used to screen for the second recombination event and temperatute of 42 degree Celsius is used to screen for the third recombination event. (Such temperature deactivates the cl857 repressor and hence activates the harmful gene of λ-phage introduced in second recombination event, killing the host cells.)
-[[Image:T7P2.jpg|500px|left|frameless]]The ''core part'' of the randomizer consists of a pair of '''overlapping T7 promoters''' having very similar binding affinities. The T7 polymerase binds absolutely randomly onto the left or the right promoter to give an either 0 or 1 signal eventually.
+The advantages of this approach include:
+* No risk of >1 copy of target gene in our machine, so as to give a sharp output instead of "blurred" output caused by multiple copies
+* Stable integration of a single copy of the construct DNA fragment
+* Most ordinary ''E. coli'' strains and a variety of pBR322-derived Amp-resistant plasmids can be used
+* λ-phage as the only specialized vector required
-There are two operators on the sides of the promoters, they are '''c1434 and TetR operators'''.
+* Source:
+Boyd D., Weiss D.S., Chen J.C., Beckwith J.,
+Towards single-copy gene expression systems making gene cloning physiologically relevant: Lambda InCh, a simple Escherichia coli plasmid- chromosome shuttle system
+(2000) Journal of Bacteriology, 182 (3), pp. 842-847.
-Then there are '''TetR and C1434 repressors''' on both sides respectively, so that repressor protein can be produced to interrupt RNA production on the other side of the circuit. This makes sures that a mutually exclusive binding event takes place.
-[[Image:greenred.jpg|100px|left|frameless]]The signal output is shown by green or red fluorescent protein (GFP/RFP) respectively.
+==The Initial Proposal==
+===The first draft of project description===
+The HKUSTers’ project is composed of three components; (1) a '''Randomizer''' with one of the two possible random outputs at a single cell level, (2) a '''Memorizer''' that specifically records the last input and compares it with the current input to give out an XOR calculation, while the input before the last is erased, and (3) a '''Spatial Oscillator''' that facilitates autonomous back and forth migration of cells responding to two opposing chemical gradients.
-===Results===
+Our project objective is to construct a biological slot machine by coupling the '''Randomizer''' with the '''Memorizer'''. When two consecutive random signals are produced by the '''Randomizer''', a '''Memorizer''' can evaluate whether the two signals are the same so as to display a Jackpot output. Coupling of the '''Randomizer''' and a '''Spatial Oscillator''' can generate a dynamic pattern, such as dots and stripes, whereas modifications of the '''Spatial Oscillator''' can be introduced to produce an automatic and more complex oscillation pattern.  With these three building blocks integrated in specific manner, different dynamic patterns can be generated to recreate stripes and pigmented profiles as found in many biological systems. The components also constitute the foundation units subjected to scale up assembly of more complex operations.
-==Simulation==
+#[[Team:HKUSTers/Initial Proposal/Randomizer|Randomizer]]
-<html><embed src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2008/0/05/Circuit.swf" width=700 height=500></html>>
+#[[Team:HKUSTers/Initial Proposal/Memorizer|Memorizer]]
+#[[Team:HKUSTers/Initial Proposal/Spatial Oscillator|Spatial Oscillator]]