Visual Fluo Bacteria: a software for the analysis of bacteria fluorescence images

Image of fluorescence bacteria is commonly used to visualize the activity of genetically engineered bacteria (see Figure 1).

Figure 1. Fluorescence field

Bacteria fluorescence imagines can be obtained by optical microscopy with a ccd camera. We develop a matlab tool to analyze such kind of bacterium imagine that can be acquired in different format (jpg, bpm, tiff). The software initially segments bacteria and then computed their number. For each segmented bacteria the software computes the size in pixel, the mean and standard deviation of 
intensity florescence. The use of the software is easy and intuitive (see user interface in Figure 2).

Figure 2. Main frame

The algorithm reads fluorescence images and converts it into a "black and white" one. Then the image is filtered by Top Hat filter to correct uneven illumination when the background is dark. In the next step the global threshold is computed in order to convert an intensity image to a binary image using Otsu’s method. The image is then ready to be scanned, pixel by pixel, to detect bacteria (cluster of pixels) and obtain informations about their area, fluorescence mean and standard deviation. Fluorescence is read from R channel for RFP, G for GFP and B for CFP. The software allows to filter imagine by neglecting the bacteria that have morphologic parameters out of a prefixed range. The user can set two indicators:

• Area dimension range ( definite by a superior and an inferior limit): This range defers to selected the bacteria that have similar size.
• Fluorescence intensity ( definite by the std\mean ratio referred to each bacteria): this values consent to throw away the bacteria that lie on another focal layer or that aren’t focused correctly.

At this point, the filter based on these values discard the bacteria that have a std\mean higher than the threeshold and the bacteria that have a dimension out of the range.

Figure 3. Image before filtering

Figure 4. Image after filtering

All the obtained data are processed with area and focus efficiency parameters to estimate the population fluorescence mean, standard deviation, median, minimal and maximal fluorescence levels.

To download the program and relative user manual, you can click on the following icons.

Visual Fluo Bacteria 1.0
Note: after decompacting file, execute and run classificazione.m
User Manual

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Microscopy system for fluorescence image acquisition

Figure 5. Acquisition system

The system’s core is a Nikon Eclipse TE2000-U inverted fluorescence microscope. For GFP image acquisition we used a B-2A filter by Nikon with an excitation band between 450 and 490 nm and the optimal emission placed at 520 nm.

The illumination system is composed of a 75 Watt Xenon arc lamp connected to a Photon Technology Instruments DeltaRAM X monochromator. The home-made control of monochromator is implemented in a Labview and permits the regulation of the excitation wavelength and the calibration of the system.

The camera used to acquire images is a Nikon DS-5m with a DS-U1 controller. This one receives the acquired signal form the camera through a serial connection and sends it to the PC through an USB slot. Nikon also supplied an software for image acquisition (X-Data).

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ARQ: a Java tool to query the Registry

The Registry is an important information source. It is aspected thet the amount of information will growth in the future, so we develop a java tool to search data in the Registry automatically. In facts the Registry page are well structured and write in a standard way, that enable automatic query by the simple reading of the html code. The software has been developed in java language to ensure its indipendence from the machine type and from the OS.

The main form "SEARCH FORM" (figure 1) ha an user interface friendly and very simple:

Figure 6. Search form

By this form is possible to insert one of the following entry:

• "CODE PART":standard biobrick code (BBa_XXXXX)
• "PARTIAL DESCRIPTION":any keyword that would be researched
• "SEQUENCE":the sequence without space in one line
• "GO":start the search
• "START A NEW SEARCH":stop the running query and reset the form for a new search

By the drop-down menù "PART TYPE" it's possible to limit the search on:

• measurement
• generator
• composite
• rna
• dna
• conjugation
• reporters
• signalling
• rbs
• regulatory
• terminator
• all
  

Three query modalities are possible in this tool:

When we use the entry "PARTIAL DESCRIPTION" or "SEQUENCE" the result of the query could be not unique, so the result will show in the form "RESULT FORM" (figure 2):

Figure 7. Result form

"RESULT PAGE" shows a list of the registry parts that matched the entry, with a double click is possible to select the desired one; after this will be automatically upload in the "SEARCH FORM" the data part. When the entry is "SEQUENCE" is possible to scroll the result in the "RESULT FORM" and will be visualized by a tool tip for every matched part (figure 3):

Figure 8. Tooltip

• the name of part
• the first and the last index of the alignment between the query and the answer sequence
• the length of the answer sequence
• the group of the registry parts (regulatory,conjugation,signalling....)

When a part is selected, by a double mouse double click, the program automatically update the data and change to upper case the shared nucleotide (figure 4).

Figure 9. Matched sequence

To download the program or the relative java documentation and the source code you can click on the following icons.

download ARQ 1.0
Note: after decompacting file, to execute if you have windows there is launch.exe else the main class path is model/launch
download ARQdoc
download ARQsrc