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| + | '''Q. How did you assemble a team, given that UCSF does not have undergraduates? |
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| + | A. As in 2007, the majority of our 2008 team comes from Abraham Lincoln High, a San Francisco public school. This year, we had two returning students (now undergraduates) from the 2007 team. In addition, we were able to recruit two international students, who were both upper level undergraduates. |
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| - | <o:Author>Wendell Lim</o:Author>
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| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span
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| - | style='font-family:Arial'><b>Q. <span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>How
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| - | is control of gene expression by chromatin different from control by transcription
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| - | factors (and what are its advantages)?<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Arial'><b>A. <span
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| - | style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>Chromatin
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| - | is a completely different level of gene expression control.<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
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| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListBullet2 style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;
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| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
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| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
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| - | </span></span><![endif]>Dominant over transcription factors (resistant to
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| - | noise).</p>
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| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListBullet2 style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;
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| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
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| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
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| - | </span></span><![endif]>Regional – silences domains, not individual genes
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| - | (reduces the engineering required for regulation of complex multi-gene
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| - | systems).</p>
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| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListBullet2 style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;
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| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
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| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
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| - | </span></span><![endif]>Memory–Alteration in gene expression lasts for
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| - | multiple generations (epigenetic control).</p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoListBullet2 style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;
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| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
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| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
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| - | </span></span><![endif]>Intrinsically bistable, i.e. all-or-none expression
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| - | (increases parameter space over which circuits are predicted to be stable).</p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span
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| - | style='font-family:Arial'><b>Q. <span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>What
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| - | applications could this type of synthetic chromatin control system be used for?<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Arial'><b>A. <span
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| - | style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>To
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| - | stably and permanently switch cells between different states characterized by significant differences in gene expression (i.e. cellular differentiation).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoListBullet2 style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo5;
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| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
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| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
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| - | </span></span><![endif]>In bio-production–for coordinated switching
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| - | between a growth phase and a production phase.</p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoListBullet2 style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo7;
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| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
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| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
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| - | </span></span><![endif]>In bio-production–to differentiate a clonal
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| - | population of cells into a distribution of subtypes that function cooperatively
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| - | (“factory” with different specialized “workers”).</p>
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| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListBullet2 style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;
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| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
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| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
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| - | </span></span><![endif]>To reprogram cell fate in a highly specific manner
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| - | (e.g. stem cell engineering, correction of epigenetic abnormalities in cancer
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| - | cells).</p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoListBullet2 style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;
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| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
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| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
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| - | </span></span><![endif]>To create cells with highly digital computational
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| - | capabilities.</p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoListBullet2 style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;
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| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
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| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
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| - | </span></span><![endif]>To study chromatin spreading mechanism in a
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| - | quantitative and controlled way.</p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in'><span style='font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in'><span style='font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Arial'><b>Q. <span
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| - | style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>Could
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| - | this type of yeast synthetic chromatin control system be utilized in other cell
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| - | types, including mammalian cells?<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Arial'><b>A. <span
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| - | style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>Yes,
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| - | the approach should be transferable.<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoListBullet2 style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;
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| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
| |
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| |
| - | </span></span><![endif]>Core elements of this system are: initiator, covalent
| |
| - | mark, spreading (polymerization).</p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListBullet2 style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;
| |
| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
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| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
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| - | </span></span><![endif]>In <i>S. cerevisiae</i><span style='font-style:normal'>,
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| - | covalent mark is deacetylation–we use an initiator (LexA-Sir2) that when
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| - | localized deacetylates adjacent histones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
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| - | </span>This leads to further recruitment of Sir2, which propagates the mark
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| - | outward. Deacetylated chromatin adopts a “closed” conformation. </span></p>
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| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListBullet2 style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;
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| - | tab-stops:list 1.0in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span
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| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
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| - | </span></span><![endif]>For higher eukaryotes, from <i>S. pombe</i><span
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| - | style='font-style:normal'> to human, the covalent mark is methylation,
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| - | initiator is a histone methyltransferase. But in principle, a similar system
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| - | should work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Same logical design,
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| - | with different catalytic functions propagating spread.</span></p>
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| - |
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| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Arial'><span style="mso-spacerun:
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| - | yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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| - |
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| - | </div>
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| - |
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| - | </body>
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| - |
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| - | </html>
| |
| | | | |
| | + | '''Q. Can high school students really do this work?''' |
| | | | |
| | + | A. Yes. While most high school seniors would not be prepared to take part in iGEM, our students come from the unique Lincoln High Biotechnology class. This course, established by George Cachiannes, and co-taught by Julie Reis, is an intensive, two-year introduction to molecular biology and the business of biotech ([[Team:UCSF/Lincoln High School Curriculum|curriculum can be found here]]). George and Julie select top students from this course to join the team. |
| | | | |
| | + | The key to our high school students’ success in iGEM is that they arrive at UCSF with lab skills equivalent to those of many upper-level undergraduates. While they have not had the advanced coursework of many iGEM participants, they have exceptional creativity, and gravitate towards the engineering challenge that iGEM presents. To round out the experience, we meet weekly for seminars on project-related topics in biology, hold regular journal club discussions, and the students give a number of presentations in preparation for speaking at iGEM. |
| | | | |
| | | | |
A. As in 2007, the majority of our 2008 team comes from Abraham Lincoln High, a San Francisco public school. This year, we had two returning students (now undergraduates) from the 2007 team. In addition, we were able to recruit two international students, who were both upper level undergraduates.
A. Yes. While most high school seniors would not be prepared to take part in iGEM, our students come from the unique Lincoln High Biotechnology class. This course, established by George Cachiannes, and co-taught by Julie Reis, is an intensive, two-year introduction to molecular biology and the business of biotech (curriculum can be found here). George and Julie select top students from this course to join the team.
The key to our high school students’ success in iGEM is that they arrive at UCSF with lab skills equivalent to those of many upper-level undergraduates. While they have not had the advanced coursework of many iGEM participants, they have exceptional creativity, and gravitate towards the engineering challenge that iGEM presents. To round out the experience, we meet weekly for seminars on project-related topics in biology, hold regular journal club discussions, and the students give a number of presentations in preparation for speaking at iGEM.
"
