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Team:UCSF/Lincoln High School Curriculum
From 2008.igem.org
Lab Work @ George Class
1. Making Cheese and Yogurt – Traditional applications 2. Breeding Fruit Flies – The laws of inheritance 3. Micropipetting – Review of the metric system 4. Microbiology - Culturing Bacteria - Identification of plasmid containing E. Coli 5. Isolation of Genomic DNA - Cheek cell, kiwi, and bacterial DNA extraction - Agarose gel electrophoresis#1: genomic DNA 6. Transformation I: pAMP – Griffith’s Experiment 7. Cutting Lambda - restriction endonucleases - Digestion of Lambda and PhiX174 genomes - Activity of ligase: ligate lambda Hind III fragments - Agarose gel #2: viral genomes as molecular rulers 8. PCR I: Amplifying lambda – in vitro DNA replication - Agarose gel #3: PCR reactions 9. Protein Purification - pGlo Transformation and mini-fermentation - GFP Purification – HIC hydrophobic chromatography 10. Protein Purification II – Bad Hair Day - Ion exchange column chromatography - Size exclusion chromatography 11. PAGE: Polyacrylamide gel electrophore of proteins 12. PCR II – DNA Fingerprinting - Mapping Alu and DS180 polymorphisms - Agarose gel #4: PCR products 13. ELISA Assay – antibodies and protein identification - Introduction to assay development 14. Bioinformatics: Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing - Genetic analysis using online DNA databases: the NCBI website
A Few Second-Year Lab Projects
1. Plating Libraries - Titering Phages a. “Life cycle” of bacteriophage lambda GT10 2. Southern Blotting - Identification of specific DNA sequences 3. Western Blotting a. Electro-transfer of protein b. Ab conjugated probes with HRP marker 4. PCR Labs: GMO’s in our food 5. Recombinant DNA -Cloning using restriction enzymes and Ligase 6. PCR Cloning: Primer Design The Genetics and Physiology of Cystic Fibrosis Mendelian inheritance, genetics and probability, vocabulary, pedigree analysis, symptoms and therapies, social issues.
4 weeks LAB – 1, 2
The History of DNA Science The experiments of: Darwin, Mendel, Sutton, Morgan, Beadle and Tatum, Griffith, Avery, Hershey and Chase, and Watson and Crick. An understanding of the scientific method and how we got to today’s technology are emphasized in this section.
4 weeks LAB – 3, 4, 5
The Biochemistry of DNA and Proteins DNA biochemistry: replication, transcription, and translation. The genetic code, protein biochemistry, secondary and tertiary structure of proteins, the relationship between protein structure and function.
6 weeks LAB - 6,7,8
Gene Structure and Regulation Upstream regulation: promoters, enhancers, transcription factors, signal sequences and transactivation. Downstream regulation: termination and polyadenylation. Genes: introns and exons, RNA splicing, coding region motifs, mutations, mutagenesis, consequences of mutation. 3 weeks
Molecular Biology: Applications, Implications, and Limitations
Genomic and plasmid DNA extraction and purification, restriction enzyme digestion, agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA ligation, transformation of E coli, selection for recombinant DNA, plating a phage library, PCR analysis of cheek cell scrapes, size exclusion, ion exchange, and HIC chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and ELISA assays.
LAB - 10
Other methods Fermentation and cell culture, in vitro mutagenesis, medically useful recombinant proteins, clinical trials, gene therapy, gene knockout, transgenic animals. Applications of biotechnology to medicine, agriculture, and the environment. Future directions and potentials.
Informatics The genetic basis of identity testing, polymorphisms, RFLP’s and VNTR’s, DNA Sequence analysis, BLAST searches of NIH databases (EMBL/Swiss-prot), DNA editing software, hydrophobicity plotting, CHIME and Ras-Mol: protein modeling software.
5-6 weeks LAB - 11
The Genetics of the Immune System A molecular analysis of the impact of molecular biology on immunology. Hematopoeisis, stem cell and myeloid cell differentiation, structure, function, and interactions of T cell and B cell subtypes, structure and function of five classes of antibody, antigen properties, the immune response, vaccines, genetics of the immune system. 3-4 Weeks LAB - 12, 13
Genethics The Human Genome Project: ethical, legal, and social issues engendered by technology. Several scenarios are explored by students in preparation for a debate.
3 weeks Cancer and AIDS: Biotech Has an Impact 2-3 Weeks History of the epidemic, isolation of the virus, viral structure, viral replication, viral genetics, transactivating factors, effects on the immune system, host reactions, clinical course of the disease, therapies developed by the biotech industry. Cancer: carcinogenesis, genetics, clinical symptoms, angiogenesis, VEGF and inhibition by Avastin® in the treatment of colon cancer.
Principles of Biotechnology
Unit 1: Introduction to Biotechnology Industry: What Is Biotechnology? Three faces of Biotechnology: Research, Applied Science, Industry The Industry Pyramid: From Basic Research to Product Sales Ancient Biotechnology vs. Modern Biotechnology The Molecules of Biotechnology
Unit 2: Establishing a Context for the Study of Biotechnology: Genetic Diseases as Models for the Mechanisms of Human Inheritance Lorenzo’s Oil: ALD as a Model for the Mechanism of Sex-Linked Inheritance, Scientific Method In Action Understanding Cystic Fibrosis: A Model for the Mechanisms of Human Inheritance Good Genes Gone Bad: Overview of Human Genetic Diseases - 12 Genes How Good Genes Go Bad - in vivo mutagenesis The CFTR Gene and Its Protein Product How Biotechnology Impacts CF Treatments Testing for Genetic Disorders: Parental, PGD, Prenatal Testing Constructing and Interpreting Human Pedigrees Sex Determination: The SRY Gene
Unit 3: Digging Deeper: Factors That Complicate Inheritance, Beyond simple Dominant/Recessive
Polygenic Inheritance
Incomplete Dominance
Multiple Allele Traits
Environmental Effects
Epigenetics: Ghosts in your Genes
Unit 4: History of DNA Science
A Continuum of Discovery – Manipulation of DNA from Ancient Times to Now
Focus on Organisms and Mechanisms of Inheritance: Darwin and Mendel
Focus on Cells: Hooke to Morgan
Focus on Molecules: Protein or DNA? Debunking Dogma
Unit 5: DNA Chemistry: How Can A Simple, Repetitive Molecule Be The Genetic Code? How Does It Work?
Clues from the Chemists – Chemical Monomers and Base Pairing
Clues from X-Ray Diffraction: Rosalind Franklin and photograph 51
Watson and Crick’s Model: Stability and Directionality
Unit 6: Restriction Endonucleases: Molecular “Scissors”
Using the New England BioLabs Catalogue
The Function of Restriction Endonucleases (vs. Exonucleases)
Sources, Varieties of Endonucleases
Conditions for Restriction Digests
Restriction Maps
Electrophoresis
Unit 7: DNA Replication Cell Life Cycle – The Timing of Replication. Mechanism of Replication: 7 Proteins Required for Replication In Vivo. Mechanism of Replication: Denaturing To Elongation Errors in Replication – Mutations In Vitro Replication – An Application of Biotechnology That Has Many Uses The Technique of the Decade: PCR –Compensating for In Vivo Proteins
Unit 8: Gene Expression - DNA Transcription DNA vs. RNA: Structural and Functional Differences Gene Structure Gene Regulation Stages of Transcription Transcriptional Regulation at the Upstream Regulatory Region Transcriptional Regulation in Prokaryotes Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes Post-Transcriptional Modifications Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Gene Expression
Unit 9: Gene Expression – Translation The Language of Genes: Using Codon Tables Steps in Gene Expression Requirements for Translation Ribosomal Structure/tRNA Structure/Mature mRNA Structure
Unit 10: Protein Structure, Function, and Purification
Relationship of Protein Structure to Function
Properties of Amino Acids
Peptide Bonds/Polypeptide Chains
Protein Structure: Polypeptide Folding
Protein Purification – Methods
Unit 11: Genethics: The Implications of the Applications
Introduction to Bioethics
Relevant Scenarios: Current Issues in Bioethics
GATTACA: Fantasy or Reality?
